15 Currently, the present research on using Ca 2+ HAp, encapsulated with Ginsenoside Rb1, to cross-link both silk and SA to acquire steady dual net scaffolds utilized in bone defect was carried out to explore its osteogenesis effect. 14 In a previous study, with the addition of sodium alginate (SA), a polyanion co-polymer stemmed from brown sea algae, silk and Ca 2+ could together generate an uniformed interpenetration aquagel to acquire a steady scaffold. 13 However, the pure silk hydrogel was lack of osteogenic activity in vivo. 2 Silk fibroin is a representative naturally formed biological polymer stemmed from Bombyx mori cocoons, and it possesses high versatility and minimal inflammatory reaction on account of its good biocompatibility and bio-degradability. 11, 12 Our research has displayed that because of the outstanding specific surface area, micro-nano hybrid structured HAp (micro-nano HAp) particulates could be utilized as the carrier of drug delivery system to reinforce osteoinduction ability. Hydroxyapatite (Ca 10(PO4) 6(OH) 2, HAp) biological ceramic, as a naturally formed constituent of bony tissues, was well known to be bioactive and biocompatible in organisms, without antigenic characteristics and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, a local persistent releasing system of Ginsenoside Rb1 in the bone defect area was proposed. Herein, our team detected the osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs induced by Ginsenoside Rb1. 11, 12 However, there was little study highlight the roles of Ginsenoside Rb1 in osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs and bone defect repairing. 10 Some researches had reported that Ginsenoside Rb1 could inhibit the programmed cell death in isoproterenol-triggered cardiomyocytes, as well as the doxorubicin-triggered H9C2 cells. 10 Ginsenoside Rb1, the affluent ginseng saponin exists in ginseng roots, confers the pharmacology features, particularly in the heart and vessel system, endocrine system, and immunosystem. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 These different pharmacology features are predominantly due to the steroid structure, which allows them to engage in interaction with cellular membranes, membrane-bound ionic channels, and exocellular and endocellular acceptors to generate changes at the transcriptomic level. 3 Ginsenoside is dammarane-type triterpene saponins acquired from ginseng and display a variety of pharmacology features like anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptosis effect. Ginseng, as one of the herbal medicine, is widely used in a range of therapeutic and healthcare applications in China and other Asian countries. Recently, some traditional Chinese medicine have demonstrated their osteoinductive ability for BMSCs and dedicated the therapeutic properties for bone defects. 1 To improve the efficiency of osteoanagenesis in patients, it’s crucial to stimulate the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), precursors of osteogenic cells, exhibit the potential capability of differentiating into osteoblastic cells and could be employed for the therapy of bone defect. Similar content being viewed by othersīone defect caused by injuries, tumor resection or osteoporosis resulted in severe dysfunction and interfered with people’s work and life remarkably. Moreover, micro-nano HAp combined with silk could act as a carrier for Ginsenoside Rb1 to repair bone defect. All the outcomes hint that Ginsenoside Rb1 could reinforce the osteogenesis differentiation and angiogenesis factor’s expression of BMSCs. Significantly, Ginsenoside Rb1 loaded on micro-nano HAp/silk could facilitate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Meanwhile, micro-nano HAp granules combined with silk were fabricated smoothly and were a delivery carrier for Ginsenoside Rb1. It revealed that Ginsenoside Rb1 could maintain cell viability, significantly increased ALP activity, osteogenic and angiogenic genes expression. Then, micro-nano HAp granules combined with silk were prepared to establish a delivery system of Ginsenoside Rb1, and the osteogenic and angiogenic effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 loaded on micro-nano HAp/silk in rat calvarial defect models were assessed by sequential fluorescence labeling, and histology analysis, respectively. In this study, the role of Ginsenoside Rb1 in cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, osteogenic genes expression, ALP activity of rat BMSCs were evaluated firstly. Moreover, how to establish a delivery system of Ginsenoside Rb1 and its repairment ability in bone defect remains elusive. However, there is little study on the osteogenesis and angiogenesis effect of Ginsenoside Rb1. Ginsenoside Rb1, the effective constituent of ginseng, has been demonstrated to play favorable roles in improving the immunity system.
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